It is well known that convective activities
and rain characteristics are affected by sea surface conditions and large scale
circulation. This study examines the dependence of convective characteristics
on the sea surface and atmospheric conditions. Analyzed datasets are OLR
(Outgoing Longwave Radiation), rainfall, cloud water, SST (Sea Surface
Temperature) and sea surface wind datasets derived from satellites, 500 hPa
vertical velocity obtained from reanalysis datasets. Target domain is the
tropical Pacific, and the analysis period is from 2000 to 2001. All of these
data are averaged for pentad-mean in order to investigate seasonal and
intraseasonal oscillations.
General relationships among the convection,
SST, the sea surface wind speed and the
sea surface wind divergence are deduced statistically. Convections become
frequent at around SST 26℃ and are
sensitive to the sea surface wind convergence when SST is lower than 29℃. When SST is higher than 29℃, the wind speed has much influence on
convective activities. Sea surface conditions can explain most of seasonal
marches in convection, while atmospheric circulations mainly
influence the intraseasonal oscillation of convection and strengthen spatial
contrast between active and weak convective areas. When the sea surface
condition is favorable for convections ,convective rain occurrences and cloud
water amounts are more sensitive to the atmospheric variations, but the less sensitivity
is found for the storm height. As the sea surface condition varies, convective
feature also varies even though OLR or cloud water amount does not change. These
relationships between convective characteristics and surrounding conditions may
be summarized as follows: When the surface conditions are unfavorable for
convections, the atmospheric circulation strengths the existing systems' activity rather than generating new
systems, controlling the storm height, rain rate and anvil amounts. On the
other hand, when the surface conditions are in favor of convections, the storm
height easily reaches its limit and has no room to reflect on atmospheric
changes, but rain occurrence and cloud particle density are affected by them.
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